Sodium, a chemical element with symbol Na, is one of the highly reactive alkali metals of group 1 with atomic number 11 in the periodic table. Sodium is not found in a free state in nature due to its high reactivity behavior so that it is abstracted from different compounds (mostly from salts).
As we know how much sodium is being used in the world of
chemistry, so we must have very good proper information about its electronic properties to survive in the world of chemistry and that’s why you are here to
know what valence electrons and valency of sodium are, aren’t you? But for this
you have to know what these two terms are, so without wasting your time let's go
for it,
Difference between valence electrons and valency
Valence electrons are the total number of electrons present
in the outermost shell of an atom (i.e. in outermost orbital). The valence
electrons for a neutral atom is always definite, it cannot be varied (more or
less) in any condition for a particular atom and may or not be equal to its
valency.
Sodium (Na) valence electrons
There are four simple steps to find out the valence electrons for sodium atom which are:
Step 1: Find the Atomic Number
Step 2: Write Electron Configuration
Sodium electron configuration Na (11) = 1s22s22p63s1 (complete configuration) or [Ne]3s1 (condensed configuration).
Step 3: Determine Valence Shell
As we know, the valence shell of an atom can be found from the highest number of principle quantum numbers which is expressed in the term of n and in 1s22s22p63s1, the highest value of n is 3 so that the valence shell of Na is 3s1.
Step 4: Find Valence Electrons
The total number of electrons present in the valence shell of an atom is called valence electrons, and there is only one electron present in the valence shell of sodium (3s1). Thus, sodium has only one valence electron.
Valency of Sodium (Na)
There are many different ways to find out the valency of an
atom which reflects the ability of an atom to bond with other atoms. Valence describes
how easily an atom or a free radical can combine with other chemical species. The
valency of an atom is determined based on the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared with another atom.
An atom is said to be stable when its outermost shells have
eight electrons (except H and He). If the total number of electrons in
outermost shells is between one to four, the atom has positive valency and if
electrons are between four to eight, the valency is calculated by subtracting
from eight and valency is negative. Atoms having four outermost electrons
possess both positive and negative valency and atom having eight outermost
electrons have zero valencies (i.e. noble gases).
Alkali metals like sodium reached the stable (nearest inert
gas configuration) by losing one outermost electron. So that the valency of
sodium (Na) is 1.
We can also find the valency of sodium with the help of a periodic table. as sodium is an element of group 1 which indicated alkali
metals group and valency of alkali metals are always 1.
Valence electrons and valency of Na+
Sodium-ion Na+ means it has lost one electron and has only 10 electrons in the orbitals. The electron configuration of neutral Na is 1s22s22p63s1 but in Na+ it loses one electron, so it has a new electron configuration of 1s22s22p6 means Na+ has (2+6=8) outermost electrons which makes it stable. Thus, sodium ion (Na+) has eight valence electrons.
Na+ valency is not zero like noble gas as their outermost
shell has eight electrons. when a sodium atom loses one electron, Na+ ion is produced and that’s what valency is. So that Na+ valency is +1 not zero.
Chemical Properties
Sodium (Na) atom| Atomic number | 11 |
| Number of protons | 11 |
| Number of electrons | 11 |
| Electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s1 |
| Valence electrons | 1 |
| Valence/Valency | 1 |
| Number of electrons | 10 |
| Electronic configuration | 1s22s22p6 |
| Valence electrons | 8 |
| Valence/Valency | +1 |
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